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Sunday, August 15, 2004

Fritz Lang's Indian Epic

THE TIGER OF ESCHNAPUR & THE INDIAN TOMB: 1959, Germany. Starring Debra Paget, Paul Hubschmid, Walter Reyer, Claus Holm, Luciana Paluzzi, Valéry Inkijinoff, Sabine Bethmann, René Deltgen, Jochen Brockmann, Richard Lauffen, Jochen Blume. Directed by Fritz Lang. Buy it from Amazon.

Yeah, I know we've maybe been laying on the Hammer horror films a bit thick lately, but it's only because we love them. But let's take a break and dive into something a little different. Now, as you have perhaps gathered if you've been with us since the beginning of this viewing blog (did I just call it a blog?), I love a good epic. I also tend to love bad epics, and epics that fall somewhere in between. Basically, as long as it contains people in tunics stabbing each other and racing chariots or simply parading across vast open landscapes accompanied by sweeping music, I'm probably going to be at least somewhat satisfied with the results. Generally, when one thinks of an epic, one thinks of Hollywood and their gloriously overblown historical productions of the 1960s. Those were good times, full of men in Roman armor, men proclaiming things from atop mountains, and lavishly choreographed scenes of scantily clad dancing girls. Hollywood has attempted a return to the epic, though with less vibrant color and no dancing girls, which is a big mistake if you ask me. And in recent years, China has made some headway when it comes to being considered a force for epics, with films like Emperor and the Assassin, Hero, and Warriors of Heaven and Earth matching the best Hollywood has to offer.


But when one thinks of the golden age of the epic, one might forget that other countries got in on the game as well. Germany, for instance. And it is from Germany that we get the sweeping two-part film known collectively as "Fritz Lang's Indian Epic." Lang's name should be familiar to anyone with even a passing interest in film, though it's almost always solely in connection with the silent era sci-fi masterpiece Metropolis. A fine film, but hardly his only contribution to the medium. Lang had tons of films to his name, very few of which beyond perhaps M and some of his American noirs ever get mentioned. Lang left his native Germany in protest and for a long time worked in America. Upon his return to his home and to German film making, his films became increasingly obscure in America. His first film after his return to German, a lavish, color-saturated epic set in India, was thought all but lost. Originally divided into two films -- The Tiger of Eschnapur and The Indian Tomb -- Lang's movie played in America only in a severely edited form courtesy of AIP that combined the two films into one incomprehensible mess called Journey to the Lost City. Lang's original version was thought lost to time until very recently, when a complete print of both films was discovered.


The adventure begins in The Tiger of Eschnapur, in which we meet intrepid German architect Harold Berger (Paul Hubschmid), newly arrived in India to undertake the building of a temple for Maharahaja Chandra (Walter Reyer). En route to the palace, he encounters a gorgeous half-breed dancer named Seetha (Debra Paget) who had an Irish mother and Indian father. When Harold faces down a man-eating tiger with the help of a little gift of the gods we call fire, he becomes a local hero and close friends with Chandra. This being an epic, it's obvious from the get-go that the woman will come between the two men, that they will have a falling out, and much running about will ensue. Sure enough, it happens. Seetha performs her alluring ritual dance, and all I can say is any religion that features as its holiest rite a mostly naked bombshell seductively dancing around and writing about the statue of their big-bosomed God can consider me a convert. I went briefly to a Methodist church as a kid, and I recall no such ritual. We just had to hear about bake sells. Well maybe I would have gone to the bake sell if the pastor had said, "And by the way, the local raven-haired beauty will strip down to a sparkling bikini and perform an undulating dance for the glory of God and Mrs. Miller's famous Brown Betty."

The dance is more than enough to snare the love of Chandra and Harold, who was forbidden to watch the dance but did it anyway. Scheming palace ne'er-do-wells see this as an opportunity to turn Chandra against his friend, and against Seetha, and eventually discredit him enough so that they can seize control. Harold is forced to fight a tiger in a secret arena, and is later banished to the desert. When he takes Seetha with her, Chandra swears revenge. Another set of German architects, one of whom is Harold's lovely sister, arrive just in time to be told they're now going to be building a tomb. Harold and Seetha are chased into the desert, collapse, and...


Hey! It was conceived to be a big-budget, color version of the old serials, kind of like Raiders of the Lost Ark decades later, but since it was made by Germans, without scenes of Nazis with exploding heads. The Tiger of Eschnapur ends on a cliffhanger, and since like those Lord of the Rings movies this is really one long movie split into separate films, The Indian Tomb picks up immediately where the action left off as Seetha and Harold are rescued from certain death and Harold's sister becomes increasingly suspicious that Chandra isn't telling her the truth about her brother's absence. Eventually, after hiding out in a cave for a while, Harold and Seetha are recaptured by Chandra's men, and the final confrontation draws nigh as the two former friends face off and Chandra faces the treachery of his devious advisers. Seetha performs another dance, even longer, sexier, and with even fewer clothes as she is forced to charm a snake or die by its bite. Really, you know, Seetha's two dance scenes are just about the greatest scenes filmed in the entire 1950s and most of the 1960s. Though she lacks the large number of backing dancers that got involved in other epic dancing girl numbers, what she does on screen will simply make your jaw drop, man or woman. It's a bit surprising that they could get away with skirting this close to nudity in the 1950s, but I guess, you know, Germany. They're weird over there. Still, it's not just the flesh; it's what you do with it, and Debra Paget knows exactly what to do with it. If there is a sexier scene fifteen years before or after, I've yet to see it.

But umm, where was I? There is more to these movies than Paget's dancing, though that will probably be the most memorable part. Working in color for one of his first times, Lang holds nothing back. India is possibly the most colorful country in the world anyway, and Lang brings that to the screen by bathing every scene in a super-saturated, hyper-vivid candy coating. Bava and Argento could only hope to soak their films in this much color. I sure do miss the days when not every film had to be shot in washed out blue and muted yellow-brown. Both The Tiger of Eschnapur and The Indian Tomb drip with color and are among the most gorgeous films ever shot. Lang handles every scene, every frame, like a painting, and leaves no detail unattended. These films are, in every sense of the word and then some, opulent. Set decoration and costuming is no less flamboyant. I can't comment exactly on how totally historically accurate everything is, but it sure is pretty to look at. Some of the sets, particularly those underground in the secret caves and catacombs, border on surreal and hearken back to the days of silent-era expressionism Lang himself helped pioneer.


What's really remarkable is that Lang seems to fill the screen with so much, yet his sets are generally wide open and rather sparsely decorated. It's how he shoots it, and how he uses color, lighting, and shadow as a prop, that fills in the air. Not everything is perfect -- tiger attack scenes do have a tendency to feature a rather unconvincing fake tiger or man in a tiger suit, but who really cares? Watching this giant two-part epic is like having the best and most exotic of Les Baxter albums acted out in your living room. It's not so much the realism that we're craving; it's grand spectacle, and Lang delivers this in spades.

Plotwise, Lang takes the age-old story of two men torn asunder by love of a woman and molds a perfect epic around it, full of all the sweeping social upheaval and revolution one expects from such a film. Though neither film features one of those "cast of thousands" battle scenes, there is still a cast of thousands on hand to make everything huge. And he throws everything in on top of the central love triangle. Tiger attacks, tiger hunts, fist fights, knife fights, sword fights, secret catacombs, secret doors, lusty dancing, elephants (but not lusty dancing elephants), sandstorms, assassins, intrigue, even an eerie underground leper colony. I mean, there's not much that the two films don't throw into the mix. At the end of day, they want nothing more than to be rollicking, old-fashioned adventure movies, and thanks to Lang for pulling it off on a grand and grandly enjoyable scale.


The sticking point for many people is going to be the fact that most of the actors are Germans or Germans in brownface. Well, why should they be any different than any other country? Around the same time, America was pasting fake eyelids onto Caucasians and calling them Chinese. And why be any more phased by the fact that all these Indians speak fluent German than you would by the same Indians speaking fluent English, albeit with the inevitable British accent everyone affects for historical epics? I think Lang's use of German actors in Indian roles is far more excusable than the same American practice. Although hearing them speak German reminds you how silly it is to impose our language on a people then find it funny when someone else does the same, the fact is that no one in Germany probably wanted to sit through a German movie acted out almost entirely in Hindi or Tamil. And frankly, Chinese American actors with good English weren't that hard to find in the 1950s, but we still didn't use them. Conversely, I bet that Indian actors fluent in German weren't exactly overflowing in the streets of Berlin.


In the end, what counts is that it doesn't much matter because each of the Germans in Indianface go about their task with such respect, and in such earnestness, that you quickly forget about both the face paint and the language. It doesn't take long before you forget that Chandra is being played by a guy named Walter and just start thinking of him as Chandra. That's what happens when actors are so committed to a role and invest their heart in it. The supporting cast is just as successful at making you forget they aren't really Indian. As for the non-Indians who are really supposed to be non-Indian, they acquit themselves fantastically as well. Paul Hubschmid is brilliant as Harold the two-fisted adventuring architect - an occupation that is probably symptomatic of Fritz Lang's own fascination with architects and draughtsmen and men who use compasses and protractors. Hey, a fightin' architect is no less a stretch than all those know-it-all fightin' scientists from sci-fi films. Our supporting Germans, Claus Holm and Sabine Bethmann, are fine too, though they really have very little to do than stumble around slack-jawed as the palace intrigue slowly reveals itself to them. Bethmann is a world-class beauty, but since she keeps her clothes on and never once wriggles about in the giant hand of a naked goddess statue, she's easier to overlook than Debra Paget's Seetha. Paget's acting job must be judges solely by her expressions and movements. In both the German language original and English track, she was dubbed by a different actress. Never the less, her performance is captivating, and her dancing - well, we've covered that, though I don't think one could ever overstate how glorious it is.

It's pretty obvious that I love this German Indian epic. Boasting sweeping Indian locations, sumptuous sets, fine performances, and imaginative direction, they're some of my favorite epics of all time. Lang nails the feel of old serial adventures in exotic lands perfectly, only bigger, more beautiful, and more breathtaking. It's the kind of filmmaking that makes you glad to be a film fan; the kind of storytelling that makes you want to jump up and cheer. So, bravo!

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Thursday, August 12, 2004

Air Hostess

1959, Hong Kong. Starring Grace Chang, Julie Yeh Feng, Roy Chiao, So Fung. Directed by Evan Yang. DVD (HKFlix).

"Come fly with me!"

The invitation used to be one of the most glamorous opportunities a person could receive, but air travel feels me with a sense of dread these days. Not because I fear flying. That particular aspect of the experience is one with which I am at ease. And it's not even the fear of terrorism. Despite all that has happened, that remains for me less of a concern that the plane simply malfunctioning. No, it's everything surrounding the actual act of flying that deflates my enthusiasm. Ticket counter attendants who apparently studied rudeness at the university level; belching, gas-passing, inconsiderate passengers who see pajamas and a pair of flip flops as proper attire for flying; flight attendants clad in nothing fancier than a golf shirt and a pair of those elastic-waistband casual jeans that are all the rage among the homosexual community's butcher lesbians. In short, it's the complete lack of sophistication or class, all of which has been stripped away from an experience it once defined.

I don't intend to sound elitist or bemoan the accessibility of air travel by the common man. Being a common man myself, I appreciate that it is no longer the exclusive property of comtesses and Rockefellers. What I mourn, rather, is that we in the middle of society have gained affordable access to the air and, rather than using it as a chance to create a working class jet set, we've turned the entire experience into a cramped Wal-Mart in the sky. Rather than taking the sophistication and class that once surrounded those who traveled by air and showing we could behave just as properly on a much more modest budget, we instead dragged everything down to the basest level, creating an atmosphere where it was perfectly acceptable to travel in the same clothes you might wear to cut grass, gorging ourselves on KFC, pestering the attendants, and generally behaving like a pack of louts who are offended by the very notion that there's not a single thing in the entire universe that requires anything more than ultra-casual dress and a complete lack of couth. At this rate, we're lucky people aren't attempting to board planes wearing nothing but threadbare boxer shorts and a sweat-and-beer-stained tank top.

Nearly everything that used to be a grand event has been reduced to the laid-back casualness of a backyard bar-b-que, and while backyard bar-b-ques are enjoyable, they belong in the back yard. As I see it, surrounding certain events with a degree of pageantry isn't meant to exclude anyone nor make anyone feel inferior. It's simply a way to make something that would otherwise be mundane into something that feels special. It makes an event an event rather than merely something that must be done, and as a result it's more enjoyable if only on a superficial level. Unfortunately, we seem to have built for ourselves a society where exerting effort to do anything is frowned upon. If it cannot be done while wearing sweatpants and a basketball jersey, then it's not worth doing.


And so the experience of flying gets dragged down into the mud because rather than rise to an occasion, people would rather pull it down to the lowest level. There is nothing written that relegates sophistication and courtesy to the ranks of the wealthy, and as such there's no reason that air travel could not become affordable for those of us not possessed of a baron's bank account yet still remain refined and elegant. Unfortunately, that wasn't the route we chose, and as the efforts and behavior of passengers devolved, so too did those of the airlines. Why dress your attendants in smart outfits if the guests they're serving are wearing cut-off jeans and upside down tennis visors? Why maintain a beautiful, refined waiting area at the gate when your passengers are just going to leave KFC chicken bones and dirty diapers lying about? And why practice courtesy and charm when people are simply going to be bullish and inconsiderate? Obnoxious guests make for obnoxious staff, which in turn makes for obnoxious guests. It's a vicious circle that has delivered to us the sorry state of modern air travel. Of course, the rampant, ethics-free corruption and greed of airline executives has added more than a little to the overall decline.

It wasn't always like this.

It wasn't so long ago (back when men were aware of the proper times to remove their hat) that air travel was a grand event, both for the passengers and the crew. There was no more romantic a job (other than, perhaps, movie star) than airline pilot or air hostess. On a Pan Am clipper to Hong Kong or Paris, the mysteries of the world were laid out before you, and experiences most people only dreamed about opened themselves up to you every day. For the passenger, the experience was just as grand. For many people, it was a once in a lifetime adventure, and they celebrated it as such, dressed to the nines and ready to put their best foot forward from the moment they left home until the moment they returned. People wore their fanciest duds and trotted out their best manners. And the airlines reciprocated in both behavior and style. The era of jet set design was a definite high point and unfortunately, like everything else associated with air travel, the fashion and graphic design has declined dramatically since the 1970s. But there for a while, from the 1940s until sometime in the early 1970s, we were in a golden age of flight with skies populated by smartly dressed crews shuttling smartly dressed passengers between smartly designed airports decorated with smartly designed ads.

Recent movies revolving around the world of air travel in the 1960s have sparked in certain people a desire to make that world something more than just a nostalgia trip along "what once was" avenue. With films like Catch Me If You Can serving as inspiration, British Airways is returning in late 2003 to a more retro, jet set style and hoping that passengers will follow the crew's lead. While Catch Me If You Can was remarkable in its recreation of that wonderful era before nylon jogging suits ruled the world, we can turn to movies from the era itself to get an even better glimpse at air travel when it was still glamorous and romantic.

You'd be hard-pressed to find a better example of this than Air Hostess, Cathay Studio's (aka MP & GI) 1959 color-saturated ode to the jet set era and those who manned it. It was, in fact, the first color film for the studio, and they certainly picked a gem of a movie to make that special splash of vibrancy with. From the jet set décor and fashion to the lush tropical scenery (not to mention the film's two leading ladies), Air Hostess is a tremendous feast for the eyes and a glorious celebration of a time we're not likely to return to despite the nostalgia of some old fogies like myself.

Of course a lot has changed since then. The concept of manners has been all but abandoned and anyone who attempts to show the least bit of courtesy is viewed in society as a square who doesn't know how to "keep it real," keeping it real apparently meaning to keep it as loud and inconsiderate as possible. "Casualness" has been taken to the extreme in both dress and behavior, and the notion of observing social pleasantries has been dismissed as being too "phony." Today, we much prefer people who burp in our faces, interrupt people and cut them off when speaking, and leave chunks of sandwich dripping with mayonnaise lying on the seat of the train. I'm not a culture freak, but I am a Southerner and I was raised to behave with some degree of respect for those around me. I've found that life is generally much more enjoyable if you treat others with simple consideration and observe at least the basic tenants of polite human interaction. But perhaps I'm simply a throwback to a "phonier" time.

Air travel has also become far more common as a part of work, not just a function of leisure. A business person who flies frequently as part of the job is unlikely to treat every flight as a special event. I'll grant them that. It comes with the territory. But on any given flight, there are just as many if not more pleasure passengers, and they're frequently the ones in muu-muus and flip flops while the business travelers at least continue the tradition of dressing well, or at least wearing something other than what you slept in the night before.


Ultimately, if we demand more of ourselves, we can demand more of our airlines. As long as we treat everything with the same level of effort we might exhibit in popping out to the store to pick up some aspirin in the middle of the night, we can't expect the atmosphere of air travel to improve. It's a horrible experience now, and the fact that we're all having a horrible experience makes us create an environment that only fosters further decline. What goes on in the executive meeting rooms is beyond our control to a large degree. What goes on at the check-in counter, at the gate, and on the plane is something on which we can have a direct effect. I am not a man who insists on formality in all instances. In fact, I appreciate a relaxed spirit as much as the next chap. But I also appreciate the simple pleasure of treating certain things as being a little different, a little special, and worthy of a little extra effort on my part. It's fun for me, and if other people put forth the same effort to act with a little class and politeness, it'd be a damn sight more fun for a lot more people.

Grace Chang and Julie Yeh Feng - arguably the top two leading ladies in the history of Cathay Studios - could certainly make flying more enjoyable. In Air Hostess, they star as two women seeking positions as what was at the time the most romantic and sought-after career a woman could have - stewardess. Joining them are a host of other hopefuls, including Grace's well-meaning but shy friend. This movie is, in many ways, the 36th Chamber of Shaolin for stewardess movies. While stewardess movies are not a rare thing, most of the ones anyone is familiar with involve sexual hijinks and X-ratings, and if you're lucky, 3D effects on the boobs. Air Hostess is a slightly more down-to-earth look at life up in the sky, and the first half of the film is consumed with kungfu film-like training scenes as our gals strive to attain the highest level of skill at become true air hostesses. Like students at Shaolin Temple, the young women are put through a gamut of training exercises, including learning the proper way to attend to passengers, dealing with unruly patrons (back in the days when people just complained and shouted instead of trying to kill other people), and more curious things like walking with books on their heads and turning around in circles on one foot.

Naturally, Grace is the one who's good at everything. Heart-warmingly polite, charming, and accomplished. Julie Yeh Feng is the sexy one who must learn not to swing her hips so seductively while serving coffee in the airplane. There's also the shy girl, the stern but caring senior hostess, and the handsome young pilot (Roy Chiao) who takes his job so seriously that he becomes a real jerk in the air.

Grace has the most back story of all the characters. Her mother wants her to give up these dreams of a career and marry the nice but dull guy who comes around all the time looking to make Grace into a well-treated stay-at-home wife. Grace, of course, doesn't want to be confined to a home. She has a sharp mind and independent spirit and wants to succeed on her own while seeing the world. Plus, she's developing a thing for the pilot despite the fact that he always chastises her and criticizes her work even when she's the highest rated new employee. Because this is at heart a romantic comedy, they will get mad at each other, make pouty faces, then discover their true love for one another before the final flight rolls onto the tarmac. After all, he's only a jerk in the air because he doesn't want to ever fail in his duties as a pilot, since that would mean death for a lot of people.

Although the human drama is the focus of the plot, and there's a subplot about a smooth talker trying to use the air hostesses to smuggle fake gems in and out of Thailand, it never comes before the celebration of the glamour of air travel at the midpoint of the 20th century. Air Hostess never wallows in romantic comedy clichés. Although there are the inevitable misunderstandings and conflicts, they're wrapped up pretty quickly instead of dragged out endlessly like they are in many romantic comedies. Air Hostess always maintains a subtle, sophisticated tone and never succumbs to the shrill screaming and slapstick running about that plagues many comedies. It maintains its dignity and presents characters who are realistic and behave in ways that actual people in the real world might behave - which is, again, something very few romantic comedies bother to attempt. Like a well-trained air hostess, it keeps its cool no matter what.

Although most romantic comedies of the time are dismissed as shallow flights of fancy (something that's actually much truer in today's soulless and irksome films), they almost always contained a fair bit of social commentary, often about class or the changing role of women in society. They were usually much more progressive and subversive than people give them credit for. Air Hostess tackles the problem of discrimination against women from a couple different directions. First and most obvious is Grace's conflict with her mother and suitor, both of whom can't understand why she would want anything other than an easy life with her every need provided for her by her man. What they fail to comprehend is that the one need he can't provide for her, the most important need, is the need to be independent and free to chart her own course in life instead of surrendering it to man and tradition. Grace's character is smart and full of life, and to sequester her spirit to a home, however nice, is to kill off a vital part of her.

At the same time, both her mother and suitor argue the point that being an air hostess, despite the glamour surrounding such a position, is nothing more than being a waitress in the sky. You're still fulfilling a female stereotype, still serving coffee and fielding complaints about peanuts. What the movie does, albeit with a fine degree of subtlety, is show that Grace and her fellow air hostesses are far more independent than the job description makes them out to be. For starters, they're traveling the world. They're seeing things every day that most people will never see in a lifetime. And they're facing a certain degree of danger every time they take to the skies. Plus, all work is serving someone. You can serve coffee on a plane, or you can sit in a cubicle debugging software. You're still a servant. It's just that one servant gets to fly all over the world and go sightseeing to snappy music while the other turns gray and pallid in an office complex. So while the stereotype is that being a flight attendant is just another typical female role, the fact of the matter is that it's not different in theory than what any man does, and in fact is a hell of a lot better than sitting at home or wasting away in an office.

Augmenting the notion that air hostessing is something more than just being a waitress in the sky is the fact that none of the women bow down to the men. Grace has a moment of weakness when she thinks about giving it all up, but then she's shown how important she is to her friends at work. Although she has a thing for the dashing young pilot, she never defers to his bouts of moodiness and eventually stands up and challenges him. Plus, you get a cool uniform and get to hang around on airport terraces sipping cocktails. All I get to do is sit at gate 23 scarfing down a Pizza Hut personal pan and a Sprite. I need to join that Admiral's Club.


So you have charming characters and a social commentary that is more complex than usual. The real star, however, is the setting. Fans of mid-century air travel design will be in heaven. Classic stewardess outfits, smartly dressed pilots, elegant airports and tarmacs, and plenty of layovers in exotic locales provide a never-ending parade of eye candy. Although people are cynical about the wonders of the world these days, I still get a kick out of that wide-eyed childlike innocence that reflected the way people were just beginning to discover the world in the days after World War II. Thus, the film's stretches of sight-seeing travelogue footage from places like Thailand and Singapore circa 1959 were still wondrous and welcome to me. That sort of sweeping travel brochure style appeals to the adventurer in me who wishes the world still retained that sense of mystery and exoticism. I enjoy the scenes of people wandering from one famous Thai landmark to another while breezy 101 Strings or Les Baxter-esque music plays. I'd like to imagine myself there some day soon, hopefully with the same music.

Of course, what's the point of having Grace Chang in your film if you don't let her smile her trademark smile and break into song every now and again? She does a couple numbers here, but they're pretty grounded in reality (mostly her being egged on to perform at parties), and Grace's singing is always a treat. I've never been to one of these parties full of cool cats where someone is asked to stand up and sing, but I have been to parties where someone got drunk and started to sing when everyone pleaded with them to stop. I imagine it's more or less the same thing.

Air Hostess has quickly become one of my favorite films, and not just because it appeals so strongly to my love of a certain era and style. It's just a fun, light-hearted film that manages to challenge some social standards (that women should stay at home and be docile housewives), serve us up plenty of beautiful scenery, and give us a plot that remains engaging without becoming melodramatic or annoying. The cast lead by Grace and Julie is superb. Grace radiates warmth and charm that is impossible to resist. If there's a more charismatic female in film, I've yet to find her. Grace's smile and energy is infectious, and you can't help but feel good while you're watching her sing and stroll about Thailand and Singapore. Roy Chiao makes an excellent stiff who must learn to loosen his collar just a little (at least while he's on the ground) if he doesn't want to alienate the free-spirited Grace the way that drip back home did.

And Julie Yeh Feng -- I first saw her alongside Grace Chang in the Cathay epic Sun, Moon and Star and found her positively captivating. If Grace was the cute and warm girl next door, Julie was the studio's bombshell. High cheekbones, long legs, and a sultry glance make her hard to forget. Her character here is not nearly as memorable as her strong revolutionary fighter in Sun, Moon and Star, but considering that was such a powerful role, it's no fault of hers that her air hostess with a kinky streak isn't quite as impressive. She's still in top form here, and although her character is the type that makes you think she'll stab the others in the back, the friendship and sisterhood of air hostesses keeps everyone bound together. Hey, there's another rarity -- a romantic comedy where the relationships between women are strong, and no one ever degrades themselves or their sex with cattiness and backstabbing.

If you're looking to delve into Cathay's catalog, or just into Golden Age romance, then this is a fine place to start. It lacks both the overwrought drama and loud-mouth shenanigans that befoul many films from the same era. And if you're a person with a terminal bite from the travel bug, or anyone nostalgic for look and attitude of the early 1960s when we were just beginning to combat the repression of the 1950s but still hadn't abandoned manners and standards in life, then Air Hostess is a must-see. I'd fly with Grace Chang any day.

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posted by Keith at | 2 Comments


Friday, September 20, 2002

Tokaido Yatsuya Kaidan

1959, Japan. Starring Shigeru Amachi, Noriko Kitazawa, Shuntaro Emi, Junko Ikeuchi, Ryozaburo Nakamura, Jun Otomo, Kazuko Wakasugi. Directed by Nobuo Nakagawa.

There's a lot of things I love in life. Good food, good friends, travel, a fine kungfu film, a crappy kungfu film -- the list goes on, but few things can make me all warm inside quite like a ghost story. Growing up in the rural South, ghost stories and folklore about haints, beasts, and certain death lurking in the woods were a given, and like many Southerners, I developed a healthy dark streak and affinity for the more macabre side of life -- or death. Whichever. I think it probably comes from the fact that the South is a very bloody, death-filled part of America. From the Revolutionary War to the War Between the States, on to the struggle for civil rights, the soil of The South is as rich with the blood of countless Americans as it is with the history of America itself. You have to learn to deal with the dark stuff, and it's a lot better to deal with it as "a spooky but familiar friend" than some sort of antagonist.

I can recount endless nights spent camped out in the back yard or propped up on the front porch swing swapping yarns with friends about local hook-hand killers, cave dwelling goatmen, and chanting devil worshipers. The spectre of evil was all around us, threatening our every moment of life, and it certainly made things a lot more interesting during slumber parties, though things went too far when our friend Roman's mom decided to give a us good one by dressing up as an ax murderer and scraping on the basement window while we were all downstairs holding a seance to try and summon the spirit of the recently departed John Belushi.

A ghost story is a universal. The appearance may change, the clothing may be different, but the spirit, if you will, remains a constant. They reflect fears and fascinations that transcend race and geography. You won't find a single culture on the planet that doesn't have it's fair share of spooky stories and tales of the dead come back to haunt the living. Whether you are squatting down by the fire conversing with some remote Amazonian tribe or sprawled on the front porch in the rural south, whether you are sitting cross-legged on the tatami mat of a Japanese living room or sitting at a table on the sidewalk of some narrow, winding Italian street, if talk turns to ghosts, we're all speaking the same language.

For those not well-versed in the ways of Japan and Japanese films, the trappings of Nobuo Nakagawa's classic Tokaido Yatsuya Kaidan may seem strange and exotic. Set in medieval Japan, the film is full of samurai and demure kimono-clad ladies, gruff fishermen and haughty nobles. Even in today's supposedly well-connected global community, it's a history about which very few Americans know much beyond the most basic and stereotypical of facts. However, even those with a complete and total lack of knowledge regarding the formative years of Japan (you really should brush up on your history though), will instantly recognize the language underlying the Japanese being spoken -- and I'm not talking about the English language subtitles.

Tokaido Yatsuya Kaidan is one of the most famous of all horrific Japanese legends. It's been told and retold countless times via literature, word of mouth, kabuki theater, and of course film. The 1959 version directed by acclaimed master of Japanese horror Nakagawa Nobuo is generally regarded as the best of the movie versions, and with plenty of good reasons. The story itself is simple enough, something that any fan of ghost stories will recognize regardless of the number of samurai with which one may be acquainted. The story opens with a group of jovial nobles out for a late night stroll around town. They are accosted by a young wannabe samurai named Iyemon. Iyemon wants to marry one of the samurai's daughter, but since our man Iyemon is known as something of a screw-up and all-around crummy bastard, the samurai is less than enthusiastic about welcoming the ne'r-do-well into the family. In a fit of rage, Iyemon attacks the samurai from behind, killing him and his friends.

Aware of the fact that multiple homicides will not do too much to improve the town's opinion of him, not to mention the fact that it won't really help him get in good with the woman who's father he just sliced down, Iyemon and his partner in crime, Naosuke, make up a story about being attacked by a well-known local ruffian. Naturally, they valiantly defended everyone, but the gang that set upon them was just too many. His "bravery" ingratiates Iyemon to the slain samurai's daughter, Oiwa. Iyemon vows to avenge the murder, which wins him even more bonus points and eventually Oiwa's hand in marriage, which also gives him the social status he so desperately desired.

You can't keep a slimy samurai clean, of course, and it isn't long before Iyemon and Naosuke are up to their old treachery again. On a pilgrimage to visit a famous waterfall and pray for justice, Naosuke is endlessly annoyed by the brother of Oiwa and her sister, Osode, to whom Naosuke has taken a shine. Using not-so-subtle threats about exposing Iyemon's guilt, Naosuke pressures his old "friend" into helping him kill off the brother. Being a despicable couple of guys, they stab him in the back and push him off a cliff while he is kneeling in meditation. Then, of course, they go running back with yet another story about how they were jumped by the same bandits, who were looking to kill them before they could seek out their righteous revenge. The two couples then split up to search for the non-existent bandits, and they wind up not seeing each other for a long time.

Time passes and Oiwa gives birth to Iyemon's child. Contrary to what you might expect from a murderous, lying samurai, Iyemon proves to be a less than stellar husband, though he remains with Oiwa despite her failing health in order to continue sponging off her status in society, or what little of it remains after she loses most of what her father once possessed. Naosuke, meanwhile, lives life as a hustler, constantly promising Osode that he is spending his days seeking the villains who murdered her father. Until he has avenged that death, she refuses to marry or sleep with him, even when he does that thing where he grabs her and makes ugly kisses faces as she fights him off.

When Iyemon goes out for a stroll one night after gambling much of his wife's money away, his presence foils some attempted thuggery. Even though Iyemon really didn't do anything but take his hat off, the criminals bolt and the victims, who turn out to be some local nobles, lavish him with thanks. When he catches sight of the noble's lovely daughter, he instantly falls for her in the most base and shallow ways. When the noble offers him a reward, Iyemon magnanimously refuses, reciting a speech about honor that Oiwa's own father lectured him with seconds before getting stabbed in the back. Duly impressed by Iyemon's spirit, he becomes a welcome guest in the home, while at the same time plotting a way to get out of his life with Oiwa.

A chance meeting with his ol' murderin' pal Naosuke results in Iyemon getting the bright idea to murder his wife. He immediately chickens out though, realizing that the ol' "some bandits jumped us" shtick probably wouldn't work for him a third time. Naosuke is just bored, however, and if that means he has to come up with something new in order to relieve the monotony of not murdering people all the time then blaming it on bandits who never materialize, well then he's man enough to devise new schemes for bloodletting.

Naosuke drums up a plan in which he will hook Iyemon up with a special poison that will cause Oiwa to die a horrible death. Since the rumor around town is that Oiwa and her doctor, a portly gent named Takuestu, have been seeing one another on the sly (an untrue rumor, even though Takuetsu is fond of Oiwa), Iyemon can either claim he caught them in the affair and thus exercized his right as a wronged husband to kill his wife, or even better, he can just pin the crime on a jealous Takuetsu and be completely free from involvement. At first, he's hesitant, but then he thinks about things for a while and realize that yep, murder is the way to go.

Iyemon plays nice for his suffering wife, talking to her like a decent gentleman for once and vowing to her that he will make amends for his less that spotless treatment of her in the past. In a touching display to cap off his tenderness, he then replaces her medicine with the poison that will cause her face to melt and result in an excrutiatingly agonizing death. Being the sporting sort of man that he is, he then even arranges for a special visit from Takuetsu so he can be blamed for everything.

After Takuetsu unsuccessfully puts the moves on Oiwa -- something Iyemon himself said she would like -- Oiwa's death begins. Her face begins to burn from the inside, as does much of the rest her body. Freaked out by the whole melting face thing, Takuetsu confesses to Oiwa that her husband enlisted him to seduce her, though now he's not so into it. She surmises that she has been the victim of a horrible plot concocted by her rotten husband, but before she can extract any revenge, the poison runs its course and she dies. Iyemon reappears just in time to accuse Takuetsu, who he then kills. Just as the plan seems to be going perfectly, however, something in Iyemon's already warped brain seems to snap. He nails the corpses to two wood panels and sets them adrift in a nearby river, expecting the current to carry them far away.

While all this is going on, ol' Naosuke doesn't want to not be performing some heinous deed as well, so he finally tracks down the villain he and Iyemon blamed for the murders that started this whole sordid chain of events, and in classic form, stabs him in the back. Her father's murder now avenged, Osode will consent to marry Naosuke.

So things seem to be going pretty well. Naosuke has Osode, even though she is not wild about the marriage, and Iyemon is now free to chase his latest skirt. Nothing could be finer, at least until the ghost starts showing up. Seems like every time Iyemon tries to lie and relax after a long, hard day of being a jerkwad, there's the gory disfigured apparition of his slain wife floating around and taunting him.

Naosuke, on the other hand, is out fishing for eels one day when he hooks the hair comb and kimono that had once been worn by Oiwa. Not realizing their nature, he decides to take them home, clean them up, and give them to his wife since nothing will impress a lady quite like giving her a wad of stinky stuff you fished out of the local swamp. Osode immediately recognizes the two items, however, both of which were family heirlooms. Just has her suspicions are being piqued, Oiwa shows up. It's funny how people never seem to notice the deceased state of a loved one and just go about their business as if their friend isn't all pale with a green supernatural light shining on them. Oiwa's arrival is a little much for Naosuke to handle, what with him knowing she's been murdered and all. He breaks down and confesses everything to Osode, right down to the fateful night Iyemon and he murdered her father. Needless to say, this is even less healthy for their relationship than trying to give her the swamp water-soaked rags of her murdered sister.

Iyemon isn't faring much better. Now both Oiwa and Takuetsu's bloody corpses are harassing him. In a fit of hysteria, he slashes out at the ghosts with his sword, which only results in him accidentally killing two innocent people. As if having the horrible decaying remains of your murder victims plaguing you wasn't enough, Osode soon finds that her brother, previously left for dead, actually survived the attempt on his life. He confirms Naosuke's confession by saying, "Yeah, they tried to kill me too." Brother and sister then set off to seek revenge against Iyemon. By this time, of course, Iyemon's madness is complete. The ghosts refuse to leave him alone. It could be that they are all in his head, and that his latest round of murders just pushed his already fragile mental state over the cliff, but that doesn't really matter when you're trying to deal with ghosts causing rooms to fill with bloody water and things like that.

As he stumbles insanely about the courtyard of the temple where he was seeking refuge, he comes face to face with Osode and her brother, both wielding swords and looking to get some justice for their father, Oiwa, and everyone else Iyemon stuck a sword into. Aiding them in their battle are the ghosts, of course, and Iyemon's treachery is ultimately no match for them.

There is nothing that isn't predictable about the story. After all, it's a timeless classic with which everyone is familiar. We know Iyemon is going to murder his wife, and we know her ghost is going to come back for revenge. What makes a film a timeless classic, however, is that you can know every single plot point and still find yourself riveted to the screen. Tokaido Yatsuya Kaidan manages to do just that. It doesn't matter that you know what's going to happen, just like it doesn't matter if you already know some local legend about ghosts. It still sends a chill up your spine every time you hear it. Tokaido Yatsuya Kaidan draws its power from its highly stylish look, deliberate and increasingly frantic pacing, and overwhelmingly eerie atmosphere.

The film is, for starters, stunning to look at. The art direction, use of sets, eerie lighting, and surreal atmosphere were obviously heavy influences on the better known but not necessarily better Kaidan from 1964. Director Nobuo Nakagawa was a big fan of European horror films, and you can sense a lot of what would become the Hammer Studios aesthetic in his film despite the decidedly Japanese trappings. Much like the later Kaidan, you could turn the sound off and simply look at this film, and it would be a wonder to behold.

The seemingly "normal" first half of the film is deceptive. You have your murderous samurai, but that's nothing out of the ordinary. Well, unless you're talking modern-day South Bend, Indiana. The minute Oiwa ingests the poison, however, the film spirals off into completely bizarre and chilling territory. Nobuo Nakagawa made a name for himself directing horror films that were, even by today's standards, shockingly gory. Though this movie is not nearly as bloody and violent as his 1960 masterpiece Jigoku (which featured folks in hell getting sawed in half, nailed in the face with spikes, and other fun hellish past times), it's definitely an eye-opener for the time. The disfigurement of Oiwa is wonderfully pulled off and genuinely nasty to look at. Likewise, a number of the surreal appearances of her ghost will drop the jaw of even a jaded movie-goer. Nakagawa's imagination is as genius as it is warped, and I'd put many of the ghost scenes from this movie on par with my favorite ghost story of all time, The Haunting (not the remake, of course).

Everything else about the film is top-notch. The music is effective. The acting is accomplished. There's a reason this is considered a hallmark in the history of Japanese horror films and why Nobuo Nakagawa is considered one of the great masters, if not the greatest master, of the genre.

Of course, this sort of film isn't for everyone. Those who get kicks out of visceral gut-punch gore films and have no appreciation for the building of characters and suspense will no doubt be lost during the films lengthy build-up to the frenzy of the final half-hour. Myself, I happen to be a fan of horror films that take time to build suspense, and this one does so wonderfully. You know horrible things are going to happen. It's just a question of when, and the waiting keeps you on the edge of your seat and, at least if you're like me, far more enchanted and entertained than a rapid series of fifteen second gore effects.

I'm reminded of a story once told by Alfred Hitchcock when describing his philosophy on telling a good story. Imagine, he said, you have a scene where two men are sitting in a cafe discussing trivial matters. The scene goes on like this for a few minutes, and then suddenly, BOOM! A bomb goes off. The audiences is startled, and you get that ten seconds of fright and giddy recovery time. Then it's over. Now imagine the same scene, only this time the first thing you establish is that there is a bomb underneath one of the men's seats, and that it will go off in three minutes. Then you continue with the scene same as before, with the men sitting there talking about pointless things. Now, the audience spends the entire three minutes on the edge of their seats, screaming at the screen that there is a bomb under one of the seats! What was a ten-second long shock suddenly becomes three minutes of nail-biting suspense and tension that will drive people crazy.

Tokaido Yatsuya Kaidan, like the classic horror films that inspired it, operates on this level of tension and anticipation of grisly acts to come, and it pays off for your investment of time. It also helps that the minutes leading up to the final acts of retribution are well paced and often exciting. As Iyemon's nasty deeds pile up, we keep waiting and waiting for the big payoff when the ghosts of the murder victims get their revenge, and when it finally comes, the revenge is sweet. So if you like build-up and tension, if you like horror tales that handle themselves as well-crafted stories rather than a succession of effects and cheap scares, then this is your kind of movie. If you dig the classic horror of the 1930s or the bloodier yet still artfully constructed horror of Hammer Films, then this is your type of movie.

It was definitely my type of movie. I was enraptured through the whole thing, marveling at the surrealistic and highly stylized set pieces, gleefully allowing the anticipation of horror mount until the final big pay-off, which was both eerie, shocking, and worth the wait. Tokaido Yatsuya Kaidan is undeniably a classic of horror, regardless of which side of the ocean it comes from. It's an ageless, multi-cultural tale of revenge from beyond the grave that can speak to and chill the bones of everyone, regardless of your standing within the ranks of the samurai.

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Sunday, April 21, 2002

Battle in Outer Space

1959, Japan. Starring Koreya Senda, Ryo Ikebe, Kyoko Anzai, Yoshio Tsuchiya, Leonard Stanford, Harold Conway, Hisaya Ito, Minoru Takada, Tatsuo Araki, Heinz Bolmer, Roma Carlson, Yukihiko Gondo, Kisao Hatamochi, Shinjiru Hirota, Mitsuo Isuda, Saburo Kadowaki, Yokikose Kamimura, Shigeo Kato, Jirya Kimagaya, Nadao Kirino, Fuyuki Murakami, Kozo Nomura, Rinsaku Ogata, Yutaka Oka, Tadashi Okabe, Malcolm Pearce, Elise Richter, Koichi Sato, Ikio Sawamura, Katsumi Tezuka, Yasuhisa Tsutsumi, Leonard Walsh, George Whitman, Ketsumi Yamada, Osman Yusef. Directed by Ishiro Honda.

In the latter half of the 1950s, it seemed like every alien race with a saucer was high-tailing it to Earth with dreams of conquest, colonization, and a little lovin'. In many ways, the Earth of the 1950s was to them what the Internet is to us today. A wild free-for-all with no rules, or at least with no really enforceable rules. The invaders of the 1950s came in many shapes and sizes. Some were blobs. Others were giant insects. A few were house plants. And a lot of them were very fond of wearing strange hats.

In the years before Toho Studios and director Ishiro Honda became known almost exclusively for Godzilla films, they specialized in destroying the Earth. Whether it was man's own folly or the fault of strange beings from another galaxy, it seemed as if guys like Honda and special effects pioneer Eiji Tsubaraya couldn't go one week without creating a scale model of apocalypse.

Honda, best known for creating Godzilla, was an impressive, happy-go-lucky man with a keen respect for the environment, for Earth, and for his fellow inhabitants of the place. His Shinto-influenced philosophy is certainly evident in his body of work. From the original Godzilla to more offbeat films like Attack of the Mushroom People, Honda is constantly examining both man's impact on the natural world and humanity's ability -- or inability -- to work with other members of their own race for the betterment of society. Although his films often play as cautionary tales, exploring the ramifications of human idiocy, he was generally hopeful about our ability to one day unite and get along. Honda also often portrayed technology as both the cause of our trouble and the potential solution. Godzilla was created by the atomic bomb, but the same science that created him devised a way to destroy him.

A theme Honda kept returning to throughout his career was that of humanity banding together in the face of a greater threat, of working not as nations or religions, but as a planet. Honda delved into it with such films as Gorath, The Mysterians, and the film we're eventually going to review in this article, Battle in Outer Space. Here we have a pretty typical sci-fi thriller that is elevated both by Honda's humanist direction and special effects wizard Eiji Tsubaraya's astounding work with miniatures.

The action begins with a fleet of UFOs attacking an Earth space station in the distant future year of 1965. The destruction of their cool orbiting platform pisses off the humans -- but it could be worse. They could have bombed that swank space port and cocktail lounge on the moon that was in X From Outer Space. Anyway, we quickly discover the alien base on the moon and assemble a team of astronauts to go kick a little ET ass. The only monkeywrench in the plan is that the aliens have this keen mind control device that can make good astronauts go bad and try to destroy the secret weapon that will smash the alien base.

Mind control or not, the end result is a cool laser beam shoot-out on the moon in which the humans teach these malevolent Martians to keep the hell out of our galaxy.

But that's only the halfway point. for the final portion of the movie, the scene shifts to Earth, where the aliens launch an all-out attack on our greatest cities. This is where Tsubaraya really shines. The aliens use a beam that can actually destroy, or at least reverse, gravity. Tsubaraya and his effects team pull off some absolutely stunning shots of entire cities being uprooted, torn to pieces, and hurtled up into the sky. I think it's one of the man's crowning achievements.

The people of the Earth must unite and select the best pilots in the world to fly our special rocket fighters into final combat with the persistent alien invaders. Lots of aerial and space dogfighting occurs, and many jagged laser beams are shot.

What we have here is an enjoyable, simple tale of evil space aliens and the goodly humans who fend off their aggressive advances. Toho goes hog wild with the 1960s space effects we all know and love -- things like the rockets that fly through space via a sparkler shoved up their tailpipe, leaving a trail of blue smoke wafting upward into the void of space. Though many people scoff at these effects nowadays, they fail to recognize the craftsmanship that went into them. And people who dismiss them as "cheap Japanese sci-fi films" are obviously tunnel-visioned in the ethnocentricity. Ever check out American films from the same time frame? Those effects were generally even worse.

The attention to detail is staggering. The initial shots of a destroyed space station feature all sorts of recognizable rubble, including a little dead spaceman floating amid the destruction. These days, movies blast you with a rapid fire barrage of computer animation that are light on such details, and generally very lame looking anyway. It's easy to compare this film to overblown crap like Independence Day since they are both about remorseless aliens attacking our planet. ID4 had a lame plot, no original ideas, and absolutely horrible, weak special effects.

Battle in Outer Space may not have state of the art digital animation, but the effects are very cool for the time, the story is exciting, and it's not nearly as overblown or utterly unstomachable. So if given a choice, I would rather watch blue plumes of smoke puffing around in space than watch Bill Pullman as America's cleanest most heroic president of all time deliver a patriotic speech.

At the center of Battle in Outer Space, as in many films of this nature, is a study of how the different tribes of mankind band together when faced with a greater foe. Americans of differing values band together against Muslims. Muslims band together against Americans. Communists band together against democracies. And Earth bands together against invaders from another planet. What's the point of all the boundaries anyway if they are so artificially etched?

Politics aside, this film is mostly about little spaceship models kicking each other's asses in the bleak darkness of the Milky Way. There is plenty of outer space daring-do and laser shooting. And of course, you have to sit through a couple scenes of guys in a board room trying to figure out what to do, but even those are tense and engaging.

This is vintage Toho science fiction, full of action, politics, and special effects. It's hard to find on video, but it actually makes the late-night rounds on cable. A few years ago, when I found out it was going to be on Cinemax, it became the only reason I got cable television. It was worth it!

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